Understanding Frozen Shoulder: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

Frozen shoulder, medically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. It typically occurs in stages, often affecting individuals between the ages of 40 and 60. This condition can impact daily activities, making simple tasks challenging. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures associated with frozen shoulder.

What is Frozen Shoulder?

Frozen shoulder develops when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint thickens and tightens, restricting movement. The inflammation causes pain, making it difficult for individuals to engage in simple shoulder movements, such as lifting or reaching. The condition may occur spontaneously or can be linked to underlying medical issues.

The Stages of Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three distinct stages:

• Freezing Stage: During this initial phase, individuals may experience gradually increasing pain and stiffness, leading to limited shoulder mobility. This stage can last from 6 weeks to 9 months.
• Frozen Stage: In this stage, shoulder pain may begin to decrease, but the stiffness remains. The range of motion is severely limited, and this stage can last between 4 to 6 months.
• Thawing Stage: The final stage involves a gradual recovery of the shoulder's range of motion. This stage can last from 6 months to 2 years, and individuals may notice improvements during this period.

Causes of Frozen Shoulder

Understanding the causes of frozen shoulder is critical in managing and potentially preventing the condition. Common causes include:

• Previous Shoulder Injuries: Injuries that result in immobilization, such as fractures or surgery, may increase the risk of developing frozen shoulder.
• Chronic Health Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, thyroid disorders, or Parkinson's disease are associated with a higher incidence of frozen shoulder.
• Age Factors: Individuals over 40 are more susceptible to frozen shoulder, with women being more affected than men.
• Immobility: Periods of inactivity or immobility due to surgery or prolonged illness can lead to the development of frozen shoulder.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

The symptoms of frozen shoulder may vary but typically include:

• Persistent Shoulder Pain: Constant pain that may worsen at night.
• Decreased Range of Motion: Difficulty in raising the arm or reaching behind the back.
• Stiffness: Sensation of tightness around the shoulder joint.

Diagnosis of Frozen Shoulder

To diagnose frozen shoulder, healthcare professionals will typically perform a physical examination along with the following:

• Medical History: Discussing previous medical conditions, injuries, and any symptoms experienced.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays or MRI scans may be used to rule out other shoulder issues.

Treatment Options for Frozen Shoulder

There are several treatment options available to manage and alleviate the symptoms of frozen shoulder:

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is often the first line of treatment. A physical therapist can guide you through specific exercises aimed at restoring shoulder movement and reducing pain. Techniques may include:

• Stretching Exercises: To improve flexibility and range of motion.
• Strengthening Exercises: To enhance the shoulder's stability and function.
• Modalities: Techniques such as heat, ice, or ultrasound may be used to relieve pain and inflammation.

Medications

Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or naproxen can help alleviate pain and inflammation. In some cases, a doctor may prescribe stronger medications or corticosteroid injections directly into the shoulder joint.

Surgical Options

If conservative treatments do not bring relief, surgical options may be considered:

• Arthroscopic Surgery: A minimally invasive procedure to release the tight capsule and restore movement.
• Manipulation Under Anesthesia: In this procedure, a doctor forcibly moves the shoulder while the patient is under anesthesia to break up adhesions.

Prevention of Frozen Shoulder

While it may not always be possible to prevent frozen shoulder, there are several proactive measures you can take:

• Maintain Flexibility: Regular range-of-motion exercises and stretches can help keep your shoulder joints flexible.
• Address Injuries Promptly: Consult a healthcare provider for shoulder injuries to avoid potential complications.
• Stay Active: Engaging in regular physical activity can promote overall joint health.
• Monitor Chronic Conditions: Keeping chronic health conditions, like diabetes, under control can reduce your risk.

Conclusion

In summary, frozen shoulder is a painful and debilitating condition that significantly affects shoulder movement. Understanding its causes and symptoms, along with exploring effective treatment options, is crucial for recovery. Physical therapy, medications, and surgical interventions are available to aid in recovery. Implementing preventive strategies can help reduce the risk of developing this condition. If you're experiencing shoulder pain or stiffness, it's essential to seek advice from a healthcare professional who can provide tailored treatment based on your individual needs.

Contact Hello Physio

For more information on managing your shoulder health and accessing personalized treatment options, contact Hello Physio at hellophysio.sg. Our team of qualified professionals is here to help you regain your mobility and improve your overall well-being.